The problem of morbidity and mortality from cancer is one of the most topical problems in modern medicine, as it affects the interests of all mankind. WHO predicts that by 2020, the morbidity and mortality from cancer will increase by 1,5–2 times worldwide. The Republic of Kazakhstan is characterized by a similar trend of cancer incidence growth, taking into account the welfare and life expectancy, as well as increased detection of malignant tumors with the introduction of early detection programs. Mortality from cancer in Kazakhstan ranks second in the structure of mortality; about 17,000 people, of whom 42 % are people of working age, die of cancer each year. During the last twenty years, the absolute number of cases of malignant neoplasms in the Republic has increased: in 1998 there were reported 28,322 diseased persons, whereas by the end of 2011, their number had risen to 30,299. The annual growth in the number of patients with malignant neoplasms is 5 %. Mortality from malignant neoplasms in the last twenty years has decreased from 130,8 per 100 thousand people in 1998 to 101.6 per 100 thousand people in 2012. Reduction in mortality is associated, primarily, with the improved diagnosis of malignant tumors in the early stages and the effectiveness of outcomes.
We studied the incidence of malignant neoplasms in the population of Semey region of East Kazakhstan Province during the past 20 years.
The average annual intense incidence rate of malignant neoplasms by periods has increased from 200,6 ‰ (1991) to 216,8 ‰ (2012). To a greater extent, the maximum increase in incidence of Semey region (EKP – East Kazakhstan Province) for 1991–2012 was caused by increased risk of illness, marked in lung, breast and stomach cancer, colorectal cancer, malignant tumors of the skin and cervix.
Incidence of malignant tumors in the Semey region in 1991 in males was 126,5 ‰, in females – 163,8 ‰; the year of 2012 showed a trend toward increasing – 213,2 ‰ and 220.2о/оооо. In this case, the leading positions in the structure of incidence among men are occupied by tracheal, bronchus and lung tumors – 22,7 % (1991–26,9 %), and gastric tumors – 15,1 % (15,0 %); colorectal cancer in males moved to the 3rd position – 9,3 % (5,6 %), displacing the incidence of esophageal and skin cancer – 6,9 % (7,0 %); followed by 6,4 % (3,8 %) incidence of hematological malignancies and malignant tumors of the prostate gland – 5,1 % (0,9 %).
The first place on the prevalence of cancer in the female population belongs to breast neoplasms – 22,0 % (1991 – 13,3 %), second and third place is occupied by cervical cancer – 11,9 % (2,6 %) and colorectal cancer – 9,6 % (6,7 %), surpassing the malignant skin neoplasms – 8,2 % (11,8 %), stomach cancer – 6,4 % (11,1 %) and hematological malignancies – 6,4 % (3,9 %).
Thus, the analysis of morbidity and mortality from malignant neoplasms shows a tendency to their overall growth. It is well established that lung cancer in Semey region consistently ranks first in morbidity and mortality mainly in the male working population, which has socio-economic importance. A persistent increase in tumors incidence of the gastrointestinal tract is observed. Breast cancer is one of the most frequent causes of death in women as compared with other forms of cancer.
The work was submitted to International Scientific Conference «Development of scientific potential of higher education», UAE (Dubai), March, 4–11, 2014, came to the editorial office оn 11.02.2014.
Библиографическая ссылка
Manambayeva Z.A., Sandybayev M.N., Zhabagin K.T., Zhumykbaeva N.K., Ospanov E.A. THE CANCER INCIDENCE IN SEMEY REGION OF KAZAKHSTAN REPUBLIC // Международный журнал экспериментального образования. – 2014. – № 4-2. – С. 23-24;URL: https://expeducation.ru/ru/article/view?id=5073 (дата обращения: 21.11.2024).